Minimally invasive removal of ovarian and adnexal cysts

Modern surgical treatment in gynecology

Ovarian cysts and adnexal lesions are common gynecological conditions that can cause pain, menstrual irregularities, discomfort in the lower abdomen, and sometimes affect fertility and the patient’s daily functioning.

Contemporary gynecology offers effective and modern surgical treatment methods that allow for minimally invasive removal of lesions, with attention to safety, comfort, and a quick return to activity.

Depending on the type and nature of the lesion, it is possible to remove the cyst alone, the affected ovary, or the entire adnexa. Each treatment plan is individually tailored, taking into account the patient’s age, test results, symptoms, and motherhood plans.

What are ovarian cysts and adnexal lesions?

Ovarian cysts are fluid-filled or otherwise content-filled lesions that develop within the ovary. Many are benign and may resolve spontaneously, however, some require surgical treatment.

The adnexa include the ovaries and fallopian tubes – organs with important hormonal and reproductive functions. Lesions developing in these areas may be functional, inflammatory, endometrial, or neoplastic in nature.

Regular gynecological check-ups and appropriate diagnostics allow early detection of abnormalities and implementation of effective treatment.

When should the procedure be considered?

Not every cyst requires surgery, however, interventional treatment is recommended when the lesion:

• causes pain or chronic discomfort,
• grows rapidly,
• does not resolve despite observation,
• causes a feeling of pressure in the lower abdomen,
• is associated with the risk of ovarian torsion,
• recurs,
• raises diagnostic doubts in ultrasound examination,
• occurs after menopause.

NOTE!

Early initiation of treatment often allows avoiding complications and more extensive surgeries in the future.

Minimally invasive ovarian cyst removal

In many cases, a tissue-sparing procedure is possible, involving removal of the cyst alone while preserving healthy ovarian tissue. The surgery is most often performed using the laparoscopic method – through several small incisions in the abdominal wall.

Modern laparoscopic surgery allows very precise removal of the lesion with minimal surgical trauma.

Through several small incisions in the abdominal wall, a laparoscopic camera and specialized surgical instruments are introduced. The camera image is displayed in high magnification, allowing precise assessment of the lesion and safe performance of the procedure while preserving as much healthy ovarian tissue as possible. This is especially important for women planning pregnancy and patients for whom preserving ovarian hormonal function, i.e., maintaining the so-called ovarian reserve, is important.

When is removal of adnexa necessary?

In some situations, removal of the ovary or entire adnexa may be necessary. This mainly applies to cases where:

• the lesion occupies a significant part of the ovary,
• the ovary is severely damaged,
• there is suspicion of neoplastic changes,
• adnexal torsion occurs,
• extensive endometrial or inflammatory lesions are present,
• the patient’s safety requires a broader scope of treatment.

The decision on the extent of surgery is always made individually and preceded by thorough diagnostics.

Do not delay diagnosis and treatment

Chronic lower abdominal pain, a feeling of pressure, menstrual disorders, or a detected ovarian cyst are symptoms that should not be ignored!

Early gynecological consultation allows for selecting the appropriate treatment method and increases the chance of a less burdensome procedure.

Modern minimally invasive gynecological surgery effectively treats lesions within the ovaries and adnexa while ensuring the patient’s health, safety, and comfort.

Symptoms of ovarian cysts and adnexal lesions

Ovarian cysts and adnexal lesions may not cause any symptoms for a long time and can be detected incidentally during a gynecological exam or ultrasound. However, in some cases, they may lead to discomfort affecting daily functioning and quality of life.

The most common symptoms include:

• pain or a pulling sensation in the lower abdomen,
• a feeling of pressure or fullness in the abdominal cavity,
• bloating,
• irregular menstruation,
• painful periods,
• pain during intercourse,
• more frequent urination,
• difficulty conceiving.

Sudden, severe lower abdominal pain may indicate ovarian torsion or cyst rupture and requires urgent medical consultation!

Regular gynecological check-ups and appropriate diagnostics allow early detection of lesions and selection of the safest treatment method.